色彩理论
色轮
Primary (traditional)—Red, Yellow, Blue
Secondary (traditional)—Orange, Green, Violet
Tertiary colors—Mix of primary + secondary
Red-Orange—Primary red + secondary orange
Yellow-Orange—Primary yellow + secondary orange
Yellow-Green—Primary yellow + secondary green
Blue-Green—Primary blue + secondary green
Blue-Violet—Primary blue + secondary violet
Red-Violet—Primary red + secondary violet
调色
RGB (additive)—Red, Green, Blue — screens
CMYK (subtractive)—Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key — print
HSL—Hue, Saturation, Lightness
HSB / HSV—Hue, Saturation, Brightness/Value
Hex code—#RRGGBB — web color format
Pantone (PMS)—Standardized spot colors for print
RGB range—0-255 per channel (16.7M colors)
CMYK range—0-100% per channel
色彩和谐
Complementary—Opposite on wheel — high contrast
Analogous—3 adjacent colors — harmonious
Triadic—3 evenly spaced — vibrant, balanced
Split-complementary—Base + 2 adjacent to complement
Tetradic (rectangle)—4 colors, 2 complementary pairs
Square—4 colors evenly spaced on wheel
Monochromatic—One hue, vary saturation/value
60-30-10 rule—Dominant, secondary, accent ratio
色彩心理
Red + Yellow = Orange—Warm secondary color
Blue + Yellow = Green—Cool secondary color
Red + Blue = Violet—Cool secondary color
Tint—Color + white (lighter)
Shade—Color + black (darker)
Tone—Color + gray (muted)
Additive mixing—Light — all = white
Subtractive mixing—Pigment — all = black/brown
术语
Warm colors—Red, orange, yellow — advance
Cool colors—Blue, green, violet — recede
Warm whites—2700-3000K — cozy, inviting
Cool whites—5000-6500K — crisp, energizing
Warm in foreground—Creates sense of closeness
Cool in background—Creates sense of depth
Color Psychology
Red—Energy, passion, urgency, danger
Orange—Creativity, enthusiasm, warmth
Yellow—Happiness, attention, caution
Green—Nature, growth, health, money
Blue—Trust, calm, professional, sad
Purple—Luxury, mystery, spirituality
Black—Power, elegance, sophistication
White—Purity, cleanliness, simplicity
Pink—Romance, playfulness, femininity
Brown—Earthy, reliable, stable
Design Tips
Limit palette to 3-5—Prevents visual clutter
Ensure contrast ratio—WCAG AA: 4.5:1 for text
Test for color blindness—~8% of men are affected
Use color consistently—Same meaning throughout design
White space matters—Let colors breathe
Context changes color—Adjacent colors shift perception
Start with one color—Build palette from anchor hue
Check in grayscale—Ensures value contrast works
Common Color Codes
#FF0000—Red
#FF6600—Orange
#FFFF00—Yellow
#00FF00—Lime Green
#008000—Green
#00FFFF—Cyan
#0000FF—Blue
#800080—Purple
#FF00FF—Magenta
#FFC0CB—Pink
#FFFFFF—White
#000000—Black
#808080—Gray
#FFD700—Gold
#A52A2A—Brown
#F5F5DC—Beige
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